Your Graphs, Charts and Diagrams
Science Of Comparative Political Systems: The science of comparative political systems examines different forms of government and political institutions. It analyzes how various systems function, their strengths and weaknesses, and their impact on society.
Circular Flow Diagram: A circular flow diagram represents the flow of goods, services, and money in an economy. It illustrates the interactions between households, businesses, and the government, highlighting how economic activities are interconnected.
Three Domains Of Organisms: The three domains of organisms are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. This classification system, based on genetic and molecular differences, helps in understanding the evolutionary relationships and characteristics of all living organisms.
Here’s a brief history of the Global GDP.
The concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was first developed by Simon Kuznets in 1934 for a U.S. Congress report . GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the country plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products . It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources .
According to the World Bank and Maddison, GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates . An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States .
The following table shows the world GDP over the last two millennia :
| Year | World GDP (2017 international dollars) |
|———-|——————————————-|
| 1 | 1.2 billion |
| 1000 | 1.2 billion |
| 1500 | 1.4 billion |
| 1600 | 2.2 billion |
| 1700 | 2.7 billion |
| 1820 | 1.2 trillion |
| 1870 | 2.7 trillion |
| 1913 | 6.6 trillion |
| 1950 | 15.7 trillion |
| 1973 | 36.5 trillion |
| 1998 | 44.2 trillion |
| 2015 | 119.0 trillion |
As we can see, the world GDP has grown exponentially over the years. In 1 AD, the world GDP was 1.2 billion international dollars, which increased to 119.0 trillion international dollars in 2015 . The world GDP has grown by more than 100 times in the last 2000 years .
Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus containing genetic material and various membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. These structures perform specific functions, contributing to the cells overall operation and maintenance.
Microscope Drawing Worksheet: A microscope drawing worksheet typically includes diagrams of different parts of a microscope, such as the eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, and light source. It helps students learn to identify and label these parts and understand their functions.
Advantages Of Democracy: Democracy offers several advantages, including the protection of individual rights, the promotion of equality, and the ability for citizens to participate in decision-making processes. It fosters transparency and accountability in governance.
Divisions: Divisions refer to the separation of entities into distinct parts or groups. In various contexts, divisions can pertain to administrative regions, organizational units, or categories within a system, each serving specific functions or purposes.
Five Kingdoms of Biology: The five kingdoms of biology classify living organisms into distinct groups based on their characteristics
A free body is a concept used in physics and engineering to analyze the forces and moments acting on an object in isolation. A free body diagram (FBD) is a graphical representation of a free body, showing all the external forces and moments that act on it. FBDs are useful tools for solving problems involving statics, dynamics, and mechanics of materials.
To draw a FBD, one needs to follow these steps:
1. Identify the object of interest and isolate it from its surroundings. This may involve simplifying the shape of the object or cutting it into parts.
2. Draw a sketch of the object, using a dot, a point, or a simple shape. Indicate the dimensions, coordinates, and orientation of the object if necessary.
3. Draw and label all the forces and moments that act on the object. These may include gravitational force, normal force, friction force, tension force, applied force, spring force, etc. The direction and magnitude of each force and moment should be indicated by an arrow and a symbol, respectively. The point of application of each force and moment should also be shown.
4. Choose a coordinate system and a sign convention for the forces and moments. This will help to write the equations of equilibrium or motion for the object.
5. Apply the appropriate physical laws or principles to solve for the unknown forces, moments, or displacements of the object. These may include Newton’s laws of motion, conservation of energy, conservation of momentum, etc.
Here is an example of a FBD for a block resting on a ramp:
The free body is the block, which is isolated from the ramp and the ground. The forces acting on the block are the weight ($W=mg$), the normal force ($N$) from the ramp, and the friction force ($f$) from the ramp. The weight is acting downward at the center of mass of the block, the normal force is acting perpendicular to the ramp at the contact point, and the friction force is acting parallel to the ramp at the contact point. The angle of the ramp is $theta$, and the coefficient of friction between the block and the ramp is $mu$. The coordinate system is chosen such that the positive $x$-axis is along the ramp and the positive $y$-axis is perpendicular to the ramp. The sign convention is that the forces and moments in the positive direction are positive, and those in the negative direction are negative.
To find the normal force and the friction force, we can apply the equations of equilibrium for the block,
